{"id":3100,"date":"2016-10-15T11:52:58","date_gmt":"2016-10-15T10:52:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.actnocturnal.com\/?p=3100"},"modified":"2022-02-12T19:06:27","modified_gmt":"2022-02-12T18:06:27","slug":"digitalni-gutenberg-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.anagord.com\/de\/digitalni-gutenberg-6\/","title":{"rendered":"Digitalni Gutenberg 6 – Elektronske Publikacije"},"content":{"rendered":"

(ili elektronsko izdava\u0161tvo \u2013 izazovi i granice; guest post Sonje Oci\u0107)<\/h3>\n

Danas \u0107emo se baviti pojedinim vrstama elektronskih publikacija kao \u0161to su elektronski \u010dasopisi i novine<\/strong> jer se pokazalo \u00a0da je prelaz sa \u0161tampanih izdanja na elektronska bio najbr\u017ei u izdava\u0161tvu stru\u010dnih \u010dasopisa i da sva \u0161tampana izdanja novina, bilo dnevnih bilo nedeljnih, danas imaju svoj pandan u elektronskom obliku. U drugom delu teksta tema je blog kao forma elektronskog izdava\u0161tva. Za nas su naro\u010dito interesantni knji\u017eevni blog i blogerska knji\u017eevnost<\/strong> – pod knji\u017eevnim blogom smatra se blog na kojem autor objavljuje originalnu poeziju i prozu, ali i eseje, recenzije pro\u010ditanih knjiga, odlomke omiljenih dela i tome sli\u010dno, dok je blogerska knji\u017eevnost sve prisutnija originalna knji\u017eevnost. \u0160ta su prednosti ove nove forme i da li predstavljaju gubitak ili dobitak za izdava\u010dku industriju?<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Polovinom 19. veka pojavljuju prvi komercijalni izdava\u010di nau\u010dnih publikacija i sa porastom broja nau\u010dnika i radova koje je trebalo objaviti, nau\u010dna dru\u0161tva su taj posao sve vi\u0161e prepu\u0161tala komercijalnim izdava\u010dima. Danas ve\u0107inu vode\u0107ih svetskih \u010dasopisa izdaju komercijalni izdava\u010di<\/strong> i to je postao veliki biznis koji donosi i veliki profit \u2013 prema nekim istra\u017eivanjima i preko 40%<\/strong> od njihove ukupne zarade. Preko polovine tr\u017ei\u0161ta \u010dasopisa iz oblasti prirodnih nauka, medicine i tehnike pokrivaju samo \u010detiri izdava\u010dke ku\u0107e \u2013 Elzevije (Elsevier), \u0160pringer (Springer), Vajli (Wiley) i Tejlor i Frensis (Taylor and Francis). Udeo komercijalnih \u010dasopisa najve\u0107i je u biomedicinskim naukama \u2013 preko 80%, a najmanji u dru\u0161tvenim \u2013 oko 20%.<\/p>\n

Ukoliko se nude i \u0161tampana i digitalna verzija nau\u010dnih publikacija, veliki deo tro\u0161kova koji nastaju pri izradi digitalne verzije mogu biti pokriveni ukoliko se pove\u0107a broj pretplatnika za \u0161tampanu verziju. Osnovni tro\u0161kovi proizvoda koji su isklju\u010divo digitalni veoma su visoki i moraju biti pokriveni preko digitalnih licenci<\/strong> a neke od ovih izdava\u010dkih ku\u0107a trenutno ostvaruju vi\u0161e od 50% ukupne prodaje \u010dasopisa preko licenci. Ipak, velike nau\u010dne institucije kao \u0161to su NIH (National Institutes for Health – Me\u0111unarodni instituti zdravlja) ili Max-Planck-Gesellschaft u Nema\u010dkoj zahtevaju slobodan pristup za publikacije nastale na osnovu projekata koje one finansiraju u periodu od najmanje \u0161est meseci nakon izlaska \u0161tampane verzije.<\/p>\n

S druge strane, dnevni listovi ne mogu da ra\u010dunaju na to da \u0107e im njihova \u0161tampana izdanja sa\u010duvati solventnost<\/strong> i moramo da prihvatimo \u010dinjenicu da su stari mediji ustanovili svoje prisustvo u okviru novih medija. Tako su novine, radio i TV stanice razvile svoje onlajn ekvivalente, koji su podjednako bitni kao i njihovi oflajn pandani.\u00a0Prednost elektronskih novina je u tome \u0161to \u0161tampano izdanje novina iziskuje velike tro\u0161kove, repromaterijal i anga\u017eovanje velikog broja stru\u010dnjaka raznih profila, dok je za elektronsko izdanje dovoljan jedan ra\u010dunar i mo\u017ee ga uraditi samo jedan \u010dovek. Moderne novine se ionako pripremaju na ra\u010dunaru i celokupna priprema je digitalna.<\/p>\n

U Srbiji se mo\u017ee uo\u010diti trend koji je prisutan u svetu, a to je da \u010ditanost \u0161tampanih izdanja opada<\/strong> dok \u010ditanost onlajn izdanja publikacija raste. \u010cak 42% korisnika Interneta u Srbiji \u010dita onlajn novine, a tu su i brojni \u010dasopisi koji daju elektronske verzije svojih ranijih brojeva. Neki od stru\u010dnih \u010dasopisa koji se mogu prona\u0107i u onlajn formi su: Zbornik Matice srpske za dru\u0161tvene nauke, Filozofija i dru\u0161tvo, Sociolo\u0161ki pregled, Re\u010d, Mostovi, Isto\u010dnik, Ekonomski anali, E- magazin\u2026<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Kad smo kod elektronskih publikacija moramo spomenuti i blogove<\/strong>.\u00a0Blogovi, ali i forumi, promenili svet novinara i novina, a krajem 2000. godine, blogovi (skra\u0107eno od veblogovi) postali su Internet fenomen \u0161irom sveta. Danas \u010dak i novine imaju blogove koji su povezani sa njihovim internet-izdanjima.<\/p>\n

Aleksandra Molnar smatra da je blog elektronski dnevnik koji autoru dozvoljava svu slobodu za kojom je \u010deznula boemska generacija 50-ih. Ovu \u201csivu\u201d knji\u017eevnost karakteri\u0161u nesputanost i neposrednost izra\u017eavanja i odsustvo svake cenzure koja nije samonametnuta. Prema ovoj autorki, blog je verovatno najzna\u010dajnija promena na globalnoj knji\u017eevnoj sceni; blog ne samo da dozvoljava autoru neograni\u010denu slobodu izra\u017eavanja, sirovu autenti\u010dnost i doslednost sopstvenoj misli, ve\u0107 on, tako\u0111e, potkrepljuje neinhibirano pisanje, pronala\u017eenje li\u010dnog glasa koji se bez straha obra\u0107a publici<\/strong> na najdirektniji na\u010din, zaobilaze\u0107i pri tom izdava\u010de, literarne agente i druge prepreke i potencijalna osuje\u0107enja. Barijera izme\u0111u \u010ditaoca i autora potpuno je uklonjena i izvesno \u0107e dovesti do uspostavljanja novih standarda i renesanse spontanog stvaranja.<\/p>\n

Novina se sastoji, zapravo, u tome \u0161to mehanizam bloga omogu\u0107ava samoafirmaciju<\/strong> i sticanje \u0161iroke \u010ditala\u010dke publike i potpuno anonimnom piscu. Na blogovima se mogu \u010ditati kolumne novinara amatera, eseji neafirmisanih filozofa, politi\u010dke analize zainteresovanih entuzijasta, knji\u017eevne recenzije obi\u010dnih \u010ditalaca i poezija i proza pisaca ili onih koji to \u017eele da budu: u svom izvornom obliku, netaknuta, nepro\u010di\u0161\u0107ena<\/strong>, ona koja je svedo\u010danstvo o jednom toku svesti i, \u010desto, o procesu pisanja i umetnosti u nastajanju. Blogerska knji\u017eevnost, tako, zapravo predstavlja novi vid dru\u0161tvenog aktivizma i sastavni deo jedne kontrakulture u kojoj pojedinac trijumfuje nad institucijama koje su do nedavno dr\u017eale monopol na odabir pisane re\u010di dostupne javnosti. U blogosferi svako je svoj cenzor, lektor, izdava\u010d i \u0161ef.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Cela stvar izazivala je mnogo entuzijazma me\u0111u autorima i \u010ditaocima blogova, ali nije zna\u010dajno ustalasala zvani\u010dnu knji\u017eevnu scenu. Me\u0111utim, kada je dobitnica Nobelove nagrade za knji\u017eevnost Elfrida Jelinek na svojoj Internet stranici, u formi bloga, po\u010dela da objavljuje poglavlje za poglavljem svoje jo\u0161 neobjavljene knjige Zavist<\/em>, autori knji\u017eevnih blogova dobili su kona\u010dnu potvrdu vrednosti ovog medija, a zvani\u010dni knji\u017eevni krugovi su se uznemirili<\/strong>. Ako poznati pisci po\u010dnu besplatno da dele svoju knji\u017eevnost na blogovima, \u0161ta \u0107e to zna\u010diti za tradicionalni format knjige? Ko \u0107e kupiti \u0161tampano izdanje dela koje je \u010ditao u trenutku nastajanja?<\/p>\n

Aleksandra Molnar smatra da odgovor uop\u0161te nije tako nepovoljan za izdava\u010dku industriju kao \u0161to na prvi pogled deluje, jer pravi poklonici knji\u017eevnosti uvek \u0107e biti zavedeni \u0161u\u0161kanjem papira i neka preliminarna istra\u017eivanja su pokazala da prodaja knjiga koje su objavljivane na Internetu besplatno nadilazi planiranu prodaju. Iako se \u010dini potpuno nelogi\u010dnim da je u dana\u0161njem svetu iko voljan da plati za ne\u0161to \u0161to mo\u017ee imati za d\u017eabe, odgovor na pitanje kako je ovo mogu\u0107e treba tra\u017eiti u lojalnosti koju pisac razvija preko direktnog kontakta sa publikom<\/strong>, kao \u0161to to omogu\u0107ava blog. Publiku, naime, ne treba potceniti: ona razume da pisci moraju \u017eiveti od svog pisanja da bi nastavili da pi\u0161u. \u010citalac \u0107e rado platiti cenu \u0161tampane knjige, jer time trostruko profitira: pisac nastavlja da pi\u0161e jer ima od \u010dega da \u017eivi, ostaje dostupan na blogu jer se time ne odri\u010de zarade, a kupcu ostaje opipljiva uspomena na polici za knjige.<\/p>\n

Beskrajno preduzimljivi, izdava\u010di i literarni agenti su veoma brzo i sami uvideli potencijalnu isplativost neafirmisane blogerske knji\u017eevnosti<\/strong>. U svetu, uklju\u010duju\u0107i i nama susedne zemlje, mnogi blogeri su ve\u0107 dobili \u0161ansu da svoje tekstove preto\u010de u roman ili zbirku pri\u010da. Naravno, ovakav poduhvat nije bez mana. Ako po\u0111emo od o\u010diglednih problema, prvi se javlja ve\u0107 zbog same \u010dinjenice da svoje ideje iznosimo u javnost, a nemamo adekvatan na\u010din da ih za\u0161titimo<\/strong>. Zakon o autorskom pravu prili\u010dno je jasan u domenu intelektualne svojine, ali praksa nam govori da u su\u0161tini vrlo malo mo\u017eemo u\u010diniti ako neko re\u0161i da prisvoji na\u0161u ideju. Drugi problem javlja se u vidu neumerenog prilago\u0111avanja sadr\u017eaja<\/strong> i narativnog stila ukusima stalne \u010ditala\u010dke publike. Formiranje uskog kruga stalnih \u010ditalaca bloga je neminovnost, i svakako ne negativna, ali, ako upadnemo u zamku predumi\u0161ljaja sa ciljem da se odabranim \u010ditaocima neizostavno dopadne ono \u0161to smo napisali, gubimo autenti\u010dnost, a to u potpunosti podriva smisao bloga. Na blogu \u010ditaoci imaju priliku da komentari\u0161u, a neretko se razvije i diskusija na datu temu.<\/p>\n

Koristi od pisanja na blogu ipak su brojne. Za svakog ko voli da pi\u0161e ali se ne bavi mi\u0161lju da se tome u potpunosti posveti, ose\u0107aj postignu\u0107a koji pru\u017eaju momentalno objavljivanje napisanog<\/strong> i pra\u0107enje reakcija \u010ditaoca<\/strong>, sasvim je dovoljan izvor zadovoljstva. Na taj na\u010din, potencijalni pisac stvara lojalne po\u0161tovaoce koji \u0107e ga pratiti ako jednog dana pre\u0111e na \u0161tampano izdava\u0161tvo. Za sasvim nepoznatog pisca to mo\u017ee biti od presudnog zna\u010daja, a ve\u0107 afirmisanom sigurno ne mo\u017ee da \u0161teti.<\/p>\n

Na Njujorkerovom festivalu literature, Salman Ru\u017edi je podsetio da knjiga, na\u017ealost, vi\u0161e nema ulogu vesnika istine iz udaljenih i nepoznatih krajeva sveta, kao \u0161to je to bio slu\u010daj u 19. veku, jer je do momenta \u0161tampanja svaka vest u eri brze komunikacije odavno zastarela. Aleksandra Molnar dodaje da zato knji\u017eevni blog objedinjuje prosvetiteljski potencijal pisane re\u010di i presudnu dimenziju uvremenjenosti. U blogosferi ceo svet obitava na istom mestu, u isto vreme, i sve je dostupno svima, upravo u trenutku u kom se de\u0161ava.<\/strong> Ako se uzme u obzir i stav mnogih \u010ditalaca da na blogovima ponekad \u010ditaju knji\u017eevnost kvalitetniju od mnogo \u010dega \u0161to se prodaje u knji\u017earama, razloga je vi\u0161e nego dovoljno da se svako ko misli da ima \u0161ta da ka\u017ee priklju\u010di revoluciji koju donosi blog generacija.<\/p>\n

Upravo zahvaljuju\u0107i ovim tekstovima autorka\u00a0Sonja Oci\u0107\u00a0odlazi da bude predava\u010d na 2. Industrijskom Forumu u Poljsku!<\/strong>\u00a0Ukoliko ste propustili, I deo se nalazi\u00a0ovde<\/a>, a\u00a0svi ostali izme\u0111u se mogu prona\u0107i\u00a0na blogu. Do kraja serijala Digitalni Gutenberg ostalo je samo\u00a0jo\u0161 par epizoda, a slede\u0107i put, Sonja se bavi\u00a0pitanjem digitalnih biblioteka.\u00a0<\/em>Ina\u010de,\u00a0Sonja Oci\u0107\u00a0\"ljubim\u010de\" radi u izdava\u010dkoj ku\u010di\u00a0Clio\u00a0kao sekretar redakcije i menad\u017eer za prava, dr\u017ei master iz filologije, kulturologije, i trenutno zavr\u0161ava doktorske studije na smeru kulture i medija na Fakultetu politi\u010dkih nauka.<\/em><\/p>\n

p.s. \u017delite da napi\u0161ete knjigu od po\u010detka do kraja, a zatim je i objavite?\u00a0Prijavite se za najbolji\u00a0KURS KREATIVNOG PISANJA<\/a>\u00a0na svetu\u00a0\"\ud83d\ude42\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(ili elektronsko izdava\u0161tvo \u2013 izazovi i granice; guest post Sonje Oci\u0107) Danas \u0107emo se baviti pojedinim vrstama elektronskih publikacija kao \u0161to su elektronski \u010dasopisi i novine jer se pokazalo \u00a0da je prelaz sa \u0161tampanih izdanja na elektronska bio najbr\u017ei u izdava\u0161tvu stru\u010dnih \u010dasopisa i da sva \u0161tampana izdanja novina, bilo dnevnih bilo nedeljnih, danas imaju<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2143,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"amp_status":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3100","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-pisanje"],"yoast_head":"\nDigitalni Gutenberg 6 - Elektronske Publikacije<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Elektronsko izdava\u0161tvo - izazovi i granice; ili da li su elektronske publikacije uticale na razvoj izdava\u0161tva. 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Ho\u0107u zato da (sebi) napi\u0161em odakle sam\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "o pisanju"","block_context":{"text":"o pisanju","link":"https:\/\/www.anagord.com\/de\/category\/pisanje\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.anagord.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/cards-christmas-christmas-decoration-1520113.jpg?fit=1200%2C801&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.anagord.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/cards-christmas-christmas-decoration-1520113.jpg?fit=1200%2C801&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.anagord.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/cards-christmas-christmas-decoration-1520113.jpg?fit=1200%2C801&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.anagord.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/cards-christmas-christmas-decoration-1520113.jpg?fit=1200%2C801&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.anagord.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/cards-christmas-christmas-decoration-1520113.jpg?fit=1200%2C801&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":11226,"url":"https:\/\/www.anagord.com\/de\/che-bella-roma\/","url_meta":{"origin":3100,"position":4},"title":"Che Bella Roma","author":"Ana Gord","date":"06.03.2020","format":false,"excerpt":"[:sr]Imale smo luda\u010dku sre\u0107u - ili nismo bile ba\u0161 najbistrije. Nemam pojima, zavisi kako ko gleda na koronu. Ne\u0107emo da ulazimo u to, pliz. Jer mi smo se 28. februara 2020. zaputile u Italiju, dok je u Milanu besnelo sa brojkama. Ali nas nije bilo briga (iako smo se pravile\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Putovanja"","block_context":{"text":"Putovanja","link":"https:\/\/www.anagord.com\/de\/category\/putovanja\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.anagord.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/IMG_0329.jpg?fit=900%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.anagord.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/IMG_0329.jpg?fit=900%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.anagord.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/IMG_0329.jpg?fit=900%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.anagord.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/IMG_0329.jpg?fit=900%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":21677,"url":"https:\/\/www.anagord.com\/de\/kratka-voznja-kroz-berlin\/","url_meta":{"origin":3100,"position":5},"title":"Kratka Vo\u017enja Kroz Berlin","author":"Ana Gord","date":"23.03.2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Bilo je lu\u0111a\u010dki uzbudljivo - tako po\u010dinje knjiga Mi djeca s kolodvora Zoo (ja sam je \u010ditala u hrvatskom prevodu), i mo\u017eda ta knjiga, osim \u0161to me je oblikovala, najbolje opisuje kako di\u0161e ovaj grad - lu\u0111a\u010dki uzbudljivo, mada bi se opis mojih 3 dana u Berlinu pre mogao staviti\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Putovanja"","block_context":{"text":"Putovanja","link":"https:\/\/www.anagord.com\/de\/category\/putovanja\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.anagord.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IMG_0903.jpeg?fit=900%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.anagord.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IMG_0903.jpeg?fit=900%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.anagord.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IMG_0903.jpeg?fit=900%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.anagord.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IMG_0903.jpeg?fit=900%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.anagord.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3100","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.anagord.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.anagord.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.anagord.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.anagord.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3100"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/www.anagord.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3100\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14300,"href":"https:\/\/www.anagord.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3100\/revisions\/14300"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.anagord.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2143"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.anagord.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3100"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.anagord.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3100"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.anagord.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3100"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}